Taiwan’s early mining origins are closely related to the northeastern corner, the earliest being in Badouzi.
The history of Taiwan’s coal mines begins with the Qing government’s first officially operated coal mine in Badouzi, Keelung, in 1876, to the closure of the last one around 2000. The coal mine has experienced a total of about 125 years.
The distribution of coal mines in Taiwan starts from Keelung in the north and reaches Jiji Mountain in Nantou, Alishan in Chiayi and the Penghu Islands in the south. However, due to transportation and coal mine quality, And other issues, the main mining areas of Taiwan’s coal mines are concentrated in the area north of Miaoli… Wiki, which is more concentrated in the northeast corner.
The five elements of earth are gold, and metal is water. In addition to having a lot of rain, the northeastern corner of Taiwan is also very rich in underground products.
Shuijinjiu in the northeast corner was rich in gold and copper in its golden years; while Pingxi, Shuangxi, and Gongliao (Pingshuanggong) were also rich in gold and copper in the past years. It is rich in coal mines. Whether it is gold, copper or coal, Taiwan’s mineral resources have enjoyed glorious years.
也有礦坑的三貂嶺鐵道-TaipeiHousing
[Before the Qing Dynasty]
In 1876, there was the first official mine in Taiwan. It is recorded in the Zhuluo County Chronicles and Magazines that during the Dutch rule, there was Mining records.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Japan, the United States, and Britain influenced Taiwan’s coal mines, and Taiwan’s coal mines began to be mined in the Ming Dynasty.
Mining is publicly owned by the state, and you must pay taxes before you can mine,
During the Ming and Zheng Dynasties, Taiwan’s coal mines were not actively developed. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, private mining of minerals was prohibited on the grounds that excavation might damage the dragon’s veins.
Mining increases employment opportunities, promotes the economy, and improves government finances
Ming Dynasty finance relied heavily on mining taxes, but during the Qing Dynasty, the situation was different.
Coal mining was banned in Taiwan during the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, and coal mining was banned in Daoguang Coal Mine. Anyone who mined coal would be killed immediately.
But in the Industrial Revolution, Watt invented the steam engine, and the situation changed. In 1842, China and Britain signed the Treaty of Nanjing. Although mining was still prohibited at that time, Britain and the United States From 1847 to 1865, the country continued to explore coal mines in Taiwan and engage in trading activities. In 1864, Taiwan exported 4,315 tons of coal.
In 1870, the reason that promoted Taiwan’s coal mining to be legal on-site was that there were 92 pits near Keelung. Due to serious private digging, it was legal on-site.
For large-scale coal mining, transportation must first be solved. It was the Qing government that built shipyards. However, transportation in Fujian coal mines was inconvenient, so Taiwan coal mines became the basis for supporting shipyards. One of the sources.
After 1876, Shen Baozhen opened Badouzi in Keelung City and started Taiwan’s first official mine. He introduced new mining equipment and dug 90 meters deep. , a vertical shaft with a diameter of about 4 meters, which increases the output of single pit mining in Taiwan. However, due to the lack of continued advancement in mining technology, mine management, and transportation, official mine output decreased in 1879.
Taiwan’s coal mines declined in the fifth year of Guangxu’s reign because of the Qing-French War in Vietnam. In the year when the war broke out (1884), the then governor of Taiwan Liu Mingchuan ordered the official mine to be blown up and 15,500 tons of abandoned coal burned. After the Sino-French War, although there was an attempt to establish government-business cooperative mining, the transportation problem was not easy to solve, and private coal became the main source of supply for coal mines.
Later, placer gold was discovered in the upper reaches of the Keelung River, and the size of the rough pits in Houdong reached Jiufen! Liu Mingchuan failed to reform the official mines, and he resigned and returned home frustrated.
Coal mining in Keelung, Ruifang and Shuangxi increased gradually after the late Qing Dynasty.
Few people have records of the coal mine carts here in Mudan. In the past, the Japanese took many photos of Ruisan Coal Mine! Especially towards the Fuxing Pit – taken from the Internet
【Japanese colonial period】
In 1896, the Taiwanese Governor-General promulgated and implemented the “Taiwan Mining Rules”, which stipulated that “mining operations are limited to Japanese nationals”: only Japanese nationals Only one can be a mining company or shareholder, so there are only 4 mining areas in Taiwan.
Pingxi in the northeast corner was not mined until the Japanese colonial period, and the Gongliao Fishing Bank in the northeast corner also established mining rights.
Japan launched an investigation into Taiwan’s mining industry in 1897, but until 1905, there was no significant increase in mineral production, and technology and transportation were limited
Until 1908 when the Trans-Taiwan Railway was completed, coal mines in southern Tainan were mainly imported.
In 1905, a steam boiler was installed in Keelung Coal Mine, which was the beginning of mechanical mining in Taiwan.
After 1906, the Japanese government gradually opened up the coal fields and introduced new technologies. In the early days, the mining industry was mostly private enterprises with poor equipment and small scale. But the economy was good after the Russo-Japanese War, with Jinbaoli Coal Mine, Sijiaoting Coal Mine, etc.
After the outbreak of World War I, Taiwanese coal mines were also exported to Japan in order to meet the needs of related industries.
, and also exports Taiwanese coal mines to mainland China, South China and Southeast Asia. After 1917, the development of Taiwan’s sugar industry and other industries prompted the Japanese government to open up the development of Taiwan’s coal mines. In 1918, the number increased to 113. Mine output exceeded one million by 1919. After World War I, Taiwan’s coal mines experienced overproduction from 1920 to 1926.
In order to develop the mining industry, since the railway improvement, Keelung Port, and expansion of domestic demand,
After the Yilan Railway is opened, the capacity of Shuangxi, Shidi and Wudan pit fields will be 10 to 30 tons per year.
During World War II, Taiwan’s coal production declined due to the unfavorable war in Japan and the bombing of mines.
【Republic of China Period】
In 1945, after the end of Japan, the Taiwan Carbon Industry Association was renamed the Taiwan Coal Mines Association. The Coal Industry Supervision Committee of the Department of Industry and Mines of the Chief Executive’s Office of Taiwan Province accepted and restructured Nissan, and later established “Taiwan Industry and Mining Co., Ltd.”, took over “Taiwan Coal Control Co., Ltd.”, and reorganized it into the “Taiwan Provincial Coal Industry Regulatory Commission”.
After the war, there were many coal mining companies including state-owned, state-provincial joint ventures, and provincial-owned coal mines.
In 1949, the government moved to Taiwan. Due to the loss of the export market, coal production stopped for a time. With the needs of industry, coal production recovered in 1951. to 1.65 million tons per year, mainly for power generation.
From the 1950s to the 1960s, the government adopted semi-regulatory policies on the coal industry. Coupled with the development of the social environment, Taiwan’s coal production was overexploited, and in 1958 some of it was allowed to be exported.
Taiwan’s coal mine output reached an annual output of nearly 4 million metric tons by 1960, but overproduction led to the closure of the mines one after another.
There were 382 mines in 1958, and from the 1960s to the 1970s, energy use gradually shifted to petroleum fuels. Although due to the oil crisis in 1973 Taiwan’s coal production once returned to 3 million tons. The subsequent low oil price policy brought Taiwan’s coal industry to its terminal stage.
The serious disaster in the mine from 1984 to 1985,
Coupled with the substitution of petroleum energy, Taiwan’s mines have been closed one after another.
In 2000, the last four coal mines were Lifeng Coal Mine and Yufeng Coal Mine in Sanxia Town, Taipei County, Anshun Coal Mine in the mountainous area of Xindian City, and Shi The Taicheng Coal Mine in Dingxiang finally announced the suspension of operations, and Taiwan’s coal industry officially came to an end.
After the mines ended one after another, most of the mines gradually disappeared. The mines in the northeast corner disappeared, and there were indeed gorgeous sightseeing tours< /div>
Xinpingxi Coal Mine Museum (Xinpingxi Coal Mine)
Houtong Coal Mine Museum Park (Ruisan Coal Mine)
The mine in the northeast corner belongs to the Keelung Mining Area in the past
Keelung Coalfield
– Bitou, Aodi, Ruifang, Shuangxi, Touwei, Jinbaoli, Keelung, Xizhi, Eastern Taipei< /div>
– Mainly the middle coal seam, secondly the upper and lower coal seams
The mine is the relic of the energy coal mine in the past. People today should know more about it and remember it with gratitude.
Most of the coal mine pits in the northeast corner and the coal mine trucks connected to the railway tracks have gone into history and are no longer seen today!
Especially the coal mine light trucks in Ganjiao, Shuangxi, and Mudan areas are like the Yilan Taiping Mountain Railway in the forestry era walking into the clouds, and the clouds become rain.
The base of the winch room of Mudan Coal Mine has been demolished and rebuilt, but the original appearance can still be seen on Google Maps – taken from the Internet
The carbon storage yards of the two mines at Mudan Station are within the scope of Mudan Station. The Taiwan Railway’s 1067mm gauge coal bucket truck does not seem to enter the coal mine pit to drop coal, but is pushed directly to the coal mine by the mine truck. The charcoal storage yard inside Mudan Station.
Local residents also said that the coal storage yard in Mudan Station does not have coal lowering cabinets or coal unloading platforms. Instead, coal is piled directly on the ground and then transferred to coal trucks using conveyor belts. -Reproduced from the Internet
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